GC: n

CT: The ability to pass the Turing Test has long been considered the hallmark of an artificially intelligent system, but ever since a chatbot known as Eugene Goostman succeeded in passing the test earlier this year, its suitability as a measure of machine intelligence has been called into question.
The name Alan Turing is perhaps best associated with the breaking of the German naval Enigma code – a feat of international importance and technological prowess that Winston Churchill called the single biggest contribution to the Allied victory over Nazi Germany during the Second World War.

S: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/11310780/Why-the-Turing-test-is-obsolete.html (last access: 27 December 2014)

N: 1. An “imitation game” devised by mathematician Alan Turing (1912-1954) which is used to determine if a computer is thinking.
2. An interrogator attempts to discover which of two respondents is a person and which is a computer by engaging in thoughtful conversation.
3. If a human can question a computer, receive an answer (through an intermediary) and not be able to determine if he or she is communicating with a human or with a machine, then the machine can be said to have intelligence.
4. Cultural Interrelation: The critically-acclaimed film The Imitation Game, released in November 2014, documents Turing’s attempts to crack the Enigma code, as well as his ostracisation as a result of his homosexuality. It also hints at his pioneering work on artificial intelligence, for which he is now known as “The Father of Theoretical Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence”.

S: 1. TERMIUMPLUS; http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/people/alan_turing (last access: 27 December 2014); http://www.biography.com/people/alan-turing-9512017 (last access: 27 December 2014). 2 & 3. TERMIUMPLUS. 4. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/11310780/Why-the-Turing-test-is-obsolete.html (last access: 27 December 2014); http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmreviews/11077848/e-Imitation-Game-review-clever-calculated.html (last access: 27 December 2014); FCB.

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CR: artificial intelligence, computational intelligence, computer science, conversational agent.