GC: n
CT: Isobutanol is a promising candidate as second-generation biofuel and has several advantages compared to bioethanol. Another benefit of isobutanol is that it is already formed as a by-product in fermentations with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, although only in very small amounts. Isobutanol formation results from valine degradation in the cytosol via the Ehrlich pathway. In contrast, valine is synthesized from pyruvate in mitochondria. This spatial separation into two different cell compartments is one of the limiting factors for higher isobutanol production in yeast. Furthermore, some intermediate metabolites are also substrates for various isobutanol competing pathways, reducing the metabolic flux toward isobutanol production. We hypothesized that a relocation of all enzymes involved in anabolic and catabolic reactions of valine metabolism in only one cell compartment, the cytosol, in combination with blocking non-essential isobutanol competing pathways will increase isobutanol production in yeast.
S: BioMedB – https://biotechnologyforbiofuels.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13068-019-1486-8 (last access: 21 December 2019)
N: 1. From word-forming element “iso-” (“equal, similar, identical; isometric,” from Greek isos “equal to, the same as; equally divided; fair, impartial -of persons-; even, level -of ground-,” as in isometor “like one’s mother”; in English used properly only with words of Greek origin; the Latin equivalent is equi-) and word “butanol” (from “butane”, paraffin hydrocarbon, 1875, from butyl, hydrocarbon from butyric acid, a product of fermentation found in rancid butter, from Latin butyrum + chemical suffix “-ane”; and “-ol”, word-forming element in chemistry, variously representing alcohol, phenol, or in some cases Latin oleum “oil”)
- Chemical formula: C4H10O or (CH3)2CHCH2OH.
2. A chemical compound which appears under the form of a flammable, colorless liquid, is derived as a by-product of synthetic methanol production, purified by rectification, is partially soluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether, and is used in organic synthesis, as a latent solvent in paints and lacquers, as an intermediate for amino coating resins, a substitute for n-butanol, in paint removers, fluorometric determinations, liquid chromatography and fruit flavour concentrates.
3. 2-methylpropan-1-ol: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Canada).
4. isobutanol: obsolete form.
S: 1. OED – https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=iso-; https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=butane&ref=searchbar_searchhint; https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=-ol (last access: 21 December 2019). 2 to 4. TERMIUM PLUS – https://bit.ly/2PUCFQp (last access: 21 December 2019).
SYN: 2-methylpropan-1-ol, isobutyl alcohol, isopropylcarbinol (former designation), 2-methyl-1-propanol (former designation), fermentation butyl alcohol, 1-hydroxymethylpropane, 2-methyl propanol, 2-methylpropyl alcohol. (”depending on context’ and field’)
S: TERMIUM PLUS – https://bit.ly/2PUCFQp (last access: 21 December 2019)
CR: butanol, fermentation
