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CT: One of the greatest challenges facing energy harvesters is generating enough power for practical applications. One way to increase the output power is to harvest more than one type of energy. For example, although there are a variety of devices that harvest either mechanical energy or magnetic energy, very few devices can harvest both, despite the fact that ambient mechanical and magnetic energy often appear together in industrial settings, such as near rotating electrical machines.
In the new study, the researchers showed that mechanical and magnetic energy are “interactive,” so that, when combined, they increase the optimal output power above the level that is possible using each type of energy alone. They demonstrated the improvements both theoretically and experimentally using a cantilever beam made of a magnetostrictive/pieozoelectric laminate material, which moves in response to both magnetic fields and vibrations.

S: PHYSorg – https://bit.ly/2mk0N0f (last access: 16 January 2019)

N: 1. – magnetic (adj): 1610s, literal, “having the properties of a magnet;” 1630s, figurative, “having powers of attraction;” from Modern Latin magneticus, from Latin magnes. Meaning “capable of being attracted by a magnet” is by 1837. Related: Magnetical (1580s); magnetics “the science of magnetism” (1786).
– energy (n): 1590s, “force of expression,” from Middle French énergie (16c.), from Late Latin energia, from Greek energeia “activity, action, operation,” from energos “active, working,” from en “at” + ergon “work, that which is wrought; business; action”. Used by Aristotle with a sense of “actuality, reality, existence” (opposed to “potential”) but this was misunderstood in Late Latin and afterward as “force of expression,” as the power which calls up realistic mental pictures. Broader meaning of “power” in English is first recorded 1660s. Scientific use is from 1807. Energy crisis first attested 1970.
2. Magnetic energy is the energy within a magnetic field. This energy results in various metals either repelling or attracting each other.
Magnetism and electricity are closely related but, prior to the 19th century, scientists did not know this. This discovery is thanks to James Clerk Maxwell, a Scottish physicist. His proposal involves the fact that there is a magnetic field for every electrical current, and that all magnetic currents create an electrical current. His equations, or Maxwell’s Equations, form the base for magnetic energy and electrical energy and almost all research after their creation is due to his work in this field.
3. During the 19th century, one of the greatest discoveries in the history of physics was made by an Scottish physicist named James Clerk Maxwell. It was at this time, while studying the perplexing nature of magnetism and electricity, that he proposed a radical new theory. Electricity and magnetism, long thought to be separate forces, were in actuality closely associated with each other. That is, every electrical current has associated with it a magnetic field and every changing magnetic field creates its own electrical current. Maxwell went on to express this in a set of partial differential equations, known as Maxwell’s Equations, and form the basis for both electrical and Magnetic Energy.
4. In mathematical terms, the equation for measuring the output of a magnetic field can be expressed as follows: V = L dI/dt + RI where V is volume, L is inductance, R is resistance, I is charge, dI represents change in charge, and dt represents change over time.

S: 1. OED – https://bit.ly/2QQRZvS; https://bit.ly/2QRyWBF (last access: 16 January 2019). 2. Reference – https://bit.ly/2QRCF1Z (last acces: 16 January 2019). 3 & 4. Universe Today – https://bit.ly/2TR7Z2F (last acces: 16 January 2019).

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CR: clean energy, electromagnetic field, electromagnetic wave, energy.