GC: n CT: A stochastic dynamical system is a dynamical system subjected to the effects of noise. Such effects of fluctuations have been of interest for over a century since the seminal work of Einstein (1905). Fluctuations are classically referred to as “noisy” or “stochastic” when their suspected origin implicates
GC: n CT: In contrast to primary cells, which are discharged once and then discarded, storage batteries can be supplied with direct current (DC) of the correct polarity and recharged to or near their original energy content and power capability—i.e., they can repeatedly store electrical energy. S: EncBrit – http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/567515/storage-battery
CG: n CT: Satellite-borne IR radiometers are turning the Earth’s stratosphere into one of the best available outdoor laboratories for observing the large-scale dynamics of a rotating, heterogeneous fluid under gravity. New insight is being gained not only into stratospheric dynamics as such, with its implications for pollutant behaviour and
GC: n CT: Streaming means listening to music or watching video in ‘real time’, instead of downloading a file to your computer and watching it later. With internet videos and webcasts of live events, there is no file to download, just a continuous stream of data. Some broadcasters prefer streaming
GC: n CT: The requirement to reduce carbon emissions has led to the development of alternative energy sources, including biomass for fossil fuel substitution. Forest harvesting residues are increasingly being used to supply biomass for heat and power generation in the UK and attention is now turning to the utilisation
GC: n CT: One of the best technologies to achieve real-time observations is the use of submarine cables, which have long histories of technological developent and proven field works in telecommunication. Although fiber-optic submarine cables apply very advanced and reliable technology, using new fiber-optic submarine cables is extremely costly. Another
GC: n CT: Emissionsof sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from the electric power sector in 2012 declined to their lowest level since the passage of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. The decline in emissions is due primarily to an increasing number of coal-fired units retrofitted with
GC: n CT: Researchers of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and their European partners plan to develop an innovative sulfur-based storage system for solar power. Large-scale chemical storage of solar power and its overnight use as a fuel are to be achieved by means of a closed sulfur-sulfuric acid cycle.
GC: n CT: This report summarizes analytical evaluation of crack-opening areas and leak rates of superheated steam through flaws in steam generator tubes and erosion of neighboring tubes due to jet impingement of superheated steam with entrained particles from core debris created during severe accidents. An analytical model for calculating
GC: n CT:Critics of sustainable agriculture claim, among other things, that its methods result in lower crop yields and higher land use. They add that a wholesale commitment to its practices will mean inevitable food shortages for a world population expected to exceed 8 billion by the year 2030. There’s
GC: n CT: In 1997, scientists and policy makers from around the world met in Kyoto and agreed that by the year 2010, greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced to a level approximately five per cent lower than 1990 levels. Since the Kyoto agreement was signed, many nations around the
GC: n CT: A swamp is any wetland dominated by woody plants. There are many different kinds of swamps, ranging from the forested Red Maple, (Acer rubrum), swamps of the Northeast, to the extensive bottomland hardwood forests found along the sluggish rivers of the Southeast. Swamps are characterized by saturated
GC: n CT: A synchrotron is an extremely powerful source of X-rays. The X-rays are produced by high energy electrons as they circulate around the synchrotron. The entire world of synchrotron science depends on one physical phenomenon: When a moving electron changes direction, it emits energy. When the electron is
GC: n CT: Thoughtful leaders increasingly recognize that we are not only failing to solve the persistent problems we face, but are in fact causing them. From road building programs that actually increase traffic congestion to pathogens that evolve resistance to antibiotics to failed process improvement initiatives, our best efforts
GC: n CT: Systems Engineering is an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems. It focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality early in the development cycle, documenting requirements, then proceeding with design synthesis and system validation while considering the complete problem including operations, performance,
GC: n CT: The most radical prediction of science fiction is the technological singularity. As author and mathematician Vernor Vinge put it in his 1993 essay The Coming Technological Singularity, “Within 30 years, we will have the technological means to create superhuman intelligence. Shortly after, the human era will be