GC: n

CT: Fumaroles, or steam vents, are the hottest hydrothermal features in the park of Yellowstone. They have so little water that it all flashes into steam before reaching the surface. At places like Roaring Mountain, the result is a lot of hissing of steam and gases.

S: http://www.nps.gov/yell/naturescience/fumaroles.htm (last access: 18 December 2014)

N: 1. Italian fumarola, from Italian dialect (Neapolitan), from Late Latin fumariolum vent, from Latin fumarium smoke chamber for aging wine, from fumus.
First Known Use: 1811
2. Volcanic vent from which steam and volcanic gases issue. The major source of the steam emitted by fumaroles is groundwater heated by magma. Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide are usually emitted directly from the magma. A fumarole rich in sulfur gases is called a solfatara; a fumarole rich in carbon dioxide is called a mofette.
3. Hot spring or pool from which gas and steam from active volcanoes and from streams of cooling magma are vented at temperatures above 100 °C.

S: 1 & 2. MW – http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fumarole (last access: 18 December 2014). 3. GDT.

SYN: fumerole

S: TERMIUMPLUS

CR: geothermal energy, geyser .