GC: n

CT: Computational Science is a rapidly growing multi- and interdisciplinary field that uses advanced computing and data analysis to understand and solve complex problems. It has reached a level of predictive capability that now firmly complements the traditional pillars of experimentation and theory.
The recent advances in experimental techniques such as detectors, on-line sensor networks and high-resolution imaging techniques, have opened up new windows into physical and biological processes at many levels of detail. The resulting data explosion allows for detailed data driven modeling and simulation.

S: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-computational-science/ (last access: 22 December 2014)

N: 1. computational (adj): 1857, from computation (early 15c., from Middle French computation, from Latin computationem (nominative computatio), noun of action from past participle stem of computare “to sum up, reckon, compute”) + -al (suffix forming adjectives from nouns or other adjectives, “of, like, related to, pertaining to,” Middle English -al, -el, from French or directly from Latin -alis). Related: Computationally.
science (n): mid-14c., “what is known, knowledge (of something) acquired by study; information;” also “assurance of knowledge, certitude, certainty,” from Old French science “knowledge, learning, application; corpus of human knowledge” (12c.), from Latin scientia “knowledge, a knowing; expertness,” from sciens (genitive scientis) “intelligent, skilled,” present participle of scire “to know,” probably originally “to separate one thing from another, to distinguish,” related to scindere “to cut, divide,” from PIE root skei- “to cut, to split” (cognates: Greek skhizein “to split, rend, cleave,” Gothic skaidan, Old English sceadan “to divide, separate;”).
2. This new discipline in science combines computational thinking, modern computational methods, devices and collateral technologies to address problems far beyond the scope of traditional numerical methods.
Computational science typically unifies three distinct elements:

• Modeling, Algorithms and Simulations (e.g. numerical and non-numerical, discrete and continuous);
• Software developed to solve science (e.g., biological, physical, and social), engineering, medicine, and humanities problems;
• Computer and information science that develops and optimizes the advanced system hardware, software, networking, and data management components (e.g. problem solving environments).

S: 1. OED – http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=computational&searchmode=none (last access: 22 December 2014). 2. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-computational-science/ (last access: 22 December 2014).

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CR: artificial intelligence, cognitive science, computer network, computer science.