GC: n
CT:
CT: Riprap works by absorbing and deflecting the impact of a wave before the wave reaches the defended structure. The size and mass of the riprap material absorbs the impact energy of waves, while the gaps between the riprap traps and slows the flow of water, lessening its ability to erode soil or structures. The mass of riprap also provides protection against impact damage by ice or debris, which is particularly desirable for bridge supports and pilings. It is frequently used to protect the base of old Edwardian/Victorian sea walls, which due to the vertical wall, are often undermined. The riprap absorbs the impact of the waves as they shoot up the wall, and then fall back down. In the Western United States, riprap can also refer to a cross between cobblestones and stairs.
S: http://www.erosioncontrolnetwork.com/rip-rap/rip-rap.aspx (last access: 12 February 2015)
N: 1. rip-rap, also riprap, “loose stone thrown down in water or soft ground as foundation,” 1822, American English, perhaps connected with earlier nautical word rip-rap meaning “stretch of rippling water” (often caused by underwater elevations), 1660s, probably of imitative origin (compare riprap “a sharp blow,” 1570s).
2. Riprap — also known as rip rap, rubble, shot rock or rock armour — is rock or other material used to armor shorelines, streambeds, bridge abutments, pilings and other shoreline structures against scour, water or ice erosion. It is made from a variety of rock types, commonly granite, limestone or occasionally concrete rubble from building and paving demolition. It is used to protect coastlines and structures from erosion by the sea, rivers, or streams. It is used on any waterways or water containment where there is potential for water erosion.
S: 1. OED – http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=rip-rap (last access: 12 February 2015). 2. http://www.erosioncontrolnetwork.com/rip-rap/rip-rap.aspx (last access: 12 February 2015).
GV: 1. rip-rap. 2. rip rap.
S: 1. OED – http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=rip-rap (last access: 12 February 2015). 2. http://www.erosioncontrolnetwork.com/rip-rap/rip-rap.aspx (last access: 12 February 2015).
SYN: 1. rockfill, rock fill. 2. rubble, shot rock, rock armour.
S: 1. TERMIUMPLUS. 2. http://www.erosioncontrolnetwork.com/rip-rap/rip-rap.aspx (last access: 12 February 2015).
