computer network
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GC: n

CT: A computer network is a group of computer systems and other computing hardware devices that are linked together through communication channels to facilitate communication and resource-sharing among a wide range of users. Networks are commonly categorized based on their characteristics.
One of the earliest examples of a computer network was a network of communicating computers that functioned as part of the U.S. military’s Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) radar system. In 1969, the University of California at Los Angeles, the Stanford Research Institute, the University of California at Santa Barbara and the University of Utah were connected as part of the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) project. It is this network that evolved to become what we now call the internet.

S: Techopedia – https://www.techopedia.com/definition/25597/computer-network (last access: 26 November 2017)

N: 1. – computer (n): 1640s, “one who calculates,” agent noun from compute (v.). Meaning “calculating machine” (of any type) is from 1897; in modern use, “programmable digital electronic computer” (1945 under this name; theoretical from 1937, as Turing machine). ENIAC (1946) usually is considered the first. Computer literacy is recorded from 1970; an attempt to establish computerate (adjective, on model of literate) in this sense in the early 1980s didn’t catch on. Computerese “the jargon of programmers” is from 1960, as are computerize and computerization.
– network (n): “net-like arrangement of threads, wires, etc.,” 1550s, from net (n.) + work (n.). Extended sense of “any complex, interlocking system” is from 1839 (originally in reference to transport by rivers, canals, and railways). Meaning “broadcasting system of multiple transmitters” is from 1914; sense of “interconnected group of people” is from 1947.
2. A network of data processing nodes that are interconnected for the purpose of data communication.
3. Networks are used to:

  • Facilitate communication via email, video conferencing, instant messaging, etc.
  • Enable multiple users to share a single hardware device like a printer or scanner;
  • Enable file sharing across the network;
  • Allow for the sharing of software or operating programs on remote systems;
  • Make information easier to access and maintain among network users.

4. There are many types of networks, including:

  • Local Area Networks (LAN);
  • Personal Area Networks (PAN);
  • Home Area Networks (HAN);
  • Wide Area Networks (WAN);
  • Campus Networks;
  • Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN);
  • Enterprise Private Networks;
  • Internetworks;
  • Backbone Networks (BBN);
  • Global Area Networks (GAN);
  • The Internet.

5. computer network: term and definition standardized by ISO/IEC.

S: 1. OED – https://goo.gl/U5WwZu; https://goo.gl/raSqPw (last access: 26.11.2017). 2. TERMIUM PLUS – http://www.goo.gl/pDBPZ9 (last access: 26.11.2017). 3 & 4. Techopedia – https://www.techopedia.com/definition/25597/computer-network (last access: 26.11.2017). 5. TERMIUM PLUS – http://www.goo.gl/pDBPZ9 (last access: 26.11.2017).

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CR: computational science, computer science, data packet, hypertext, intelligent system, Internet , Wi-fi, wireless network.