GC: n CT: Cryogenics is the branch of physics that deals with the production and effects of very low temperatures. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the largest cryogenic system in the world and one of the coldest places on Earth. All of the magnets on the LHC are electromagnets

GC: n CT: Cryopreservation is based on the ability of certain small molecules to enter cells and prevent dehydration and formation of intracellular ice crystals, which can cause cell death and destruction of cell organelles during the freezing process. Two common cryoprotective agents are dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol. Glycerol

GC: n CT: Crystallization is based on the principles of solubility: compounds (solutes) tend to be more soluble in hot liquids (solvents) than they are in cold liquids. If a saturated hot solution is allowed to cool, the solute is no longer soluble in the solvent and forms crystals of

GC: n CT: Every wind turbine design has a cut-in wind speed, a rated wind speed, and a cut-out wind speed. At the cut-in wind speed, the blades start to turn and a trickle of electricity starts to be produced. Around cut-in, the generator may be used as a motor

GC: n CT: The foundation preparation for the spillway structure consisted of stripping the overburden and exposing the bedrock. For the embankment sections, the soft, loose overburden was stripped to expose competent sands or gravels and a cutoff trench was excavated down to the rock surface. The cutoff trench is

GC: n CT: Cybercrime is defined as a crime in which a computer is the object of the crime (hacking, phishing, spamming) or is used as a tool to commit an offense (child pornography, hate crimes). Cybercriminals may use computer technology to access personal information, business trade secrets or use

GC: n CT: Traditionally, the quality of universities and their research are compared using measures such as numbers of published papers, especially those in peer-reviewed journals with high impact factors, and numbers of times that those papers are cited. But such measures do not give the whole picture. In the

GC: n CT: Cybernetics was christened publically with the publication of Cybernetics, by Norbert Wiener (1948). Two short extracts follow, both written by Professor F.H. George. The first is a summary (circa 1980) defining Cybernetics, the second (1965) outlines the major classes of Cybernetic problems. Cybernetics could be thought of

GC: n CT: S: N: 1. From cyber (as an element in word formation, ultimately from cybernetics (q.v.); it enjoyed explosive use with the rise of the Internet early 1990s) and security (mid-15c., “condition of being secure,” from Latin securitas, from securus “free from care”; replacing sikerte (early 15c.), from

GC: n CT: In the popular culture of the 1990s, cyberspace as a term was taken to describe the “location” in which people interacted with each other while using the Internet. This is the place in which online games occur, the land of chat rooms, and the home of instant-messaging

GC: n CT: New biomedical technologies make it possible to replace parts of the human body or to substitute its functions. Examples include artificial joints, eye lenses and arterial stents. Newer technologies use electronics and software, for example in brain-computer interfaces such as retinal implants and the exoskeleton MindWalker. Gradually

GC: n CT: Ecological flows and water levels are a component of the overall environmental flow and water level, and are established to provide for the ecological values attributed to a particular water body. In the context of the proposed standard, ecological flows and water levels are defined as “the

GC: n CT: The population problem isn’t just a matter of the number of people. People consume food, fresh water, wood, minerals, and energy as we go about our daily lives. And producing food, pumping groundwater, harvesting wood, mining minerals, and burning fuel all deplete our resource base and produce

GC: n CT: Energy crops are grown specifically for use as fuel and offer high output per hectare with low inputs. Research into which strains perform best under UK conditions and typical outputs expected for different UK sites has been performed on a number of potential energy crops. S: BEC

CG: n CT:  A firewall is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network. You can implement a firewall in either hardware or software form, or a combination of both. Firewalls prevent unauthorized internet users from accessing private networks connected to the internet, especially intranets. All

CG: n CT: Since liquids are incompressible fluids, their flow rate depends only on the difference between the inlet and outlet pressures (Δp, pressure drop). The flow is the same whether the system pressure is low or high, so long as the difference between the inlet and outlet pressures is

GC: n CT: There are three major forms of fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas. All three were formed many hundreds of millions of years ago before the time of the dinosaurs – hence the name fossil fuels. The age they were formed is called the Carboniferous Period. It

GC: n CT: Biomass is matter usually thought of as garbage. Some of it is just stuff lying around -dead trees, tree branches, yard clippings, left-over crops, wood chips (like in the picture to the right), and bark and sawdust from lumber mills. It can even include used tires and

GC: n CT: Landmark analysis released by Greenpeace USA, European Renewable Energy Council (EREC) and other climate and energy advocates shows that the United States can indeed address global warming without relying on nuclear power or so-called “clean coal” — as some in the ongoing energy debate claim. The new

GC: n CT: Conventional vehicles use gasoline or diesel to power an internal combustion engine. The hybrid car also uses an internal combustion engine—and can be fueled like normal cars—but has an electric motor and battery, and can be partially or wholly powered by electricity. By using both a conventional

GC: n CT: A landslide is the movement of rock, debris or earth down a slope. They result from the failure of the materials which make up the hill slope and are driven by the force of gravity. Landslides are known also as landslips, slumps or slope failure. Some of

GC: n CT: Buildings demand energy in their life cycle right from its construction to demolition. Studies on the total energy use during the life cycle are desirable to identify phases of largest energy use and to develop strategies for its reduction. In the present paper, a critical review of

See “fuel”: https://sierterm.es/content/fuel/?lang=en Please, read remark number 5.

CG: n CT: The ozone layer is a belt of naturally occurring ozone gas that sits 9.3 to 18.6 miles (15 to 30 kilometers) above Earth and serves as a shield from the harmful ultraviolet B radiation emitted by the sun. Ozone is a highly reactive molecule that contains three