GC: n CT: Perceptrons are the easiest data structures to learn for the study of Neural Networking. Think of a perceptron as a node of a vast, interconnected network, sort of like a data tree, although the network does not necessarily have to have a top and bottom. The links
GC: n CT: Percolation is the movement of water though the soil, and it’s layers, by gravity and capillary forces. The prime moving force of groundwater is gravity. Water that is in the zone of aeration where air exists is called vadose water. Water that is in the zone of
CG: n CT: Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons that exists as a liquid in natural underground reservoirs and remains a liquid when brought to the surface. Petroleum products are produced from the processing of crude oil and other liquids at petroleum refineries, from the extraction of liquid hydrocarbons
GC: n CT: Phenology is an important subject to study, because it helps us understand the health of species and ecosystems. Animals and plants do not live in bubbles, every species has an impact on those in its food chain and community. The timing of one species’ phenological events can
GC: n CT: Phishing is a form of fraud in which the attacker tries to learn information such as login credentials or account information by masquerading as a reputable entity or person in email, IM or other communication channels. ypically a victim receives a message that appears to have been
GC: n CT: Inorganic compounds containing phosphorous. Used in fertilizers (as plant nutrient) and in detergents (as ‘builders’ or water softeners), phosphates are a major source of water pollution. There presence in lakes and ponds encourages explosive algae growth which depletes water-dissolved oxygen, resulting in elimination of other forms of
GC: n CT: Photoelectric cell or photocell, device whose electrical characteristics (e.g., current, voltage, or resistance) vary when light is incident upon it. The most common type consists of two electrodes separated by a light-sensitive semiconductor material. A battery or other voltage source connected to the electrodes sets up a
GC: n CT: Photovoltaics is the direct conversion of light into electricity at the atomic level. Some materials exhibit a property known as the photoelectric effect that causes them to absorb photons of light and release electrons. When these free electrons are captured, an electric current results that can be
GC: n CT: What is the Photonics Industry? Photonics is one of the fastest growing high-tech industries in the world today. It includes optical communications (e.g., fiber optics, lasers, and infrared links), optical imaging (e.g., spy and weather satellites, night vision, holography, flat screen display, and CCD videocameras), optical data
GC: n CT: The photothermal effect is often used (particularly in the semiconductor industry) to measure thermal properties of materials [67, 9]. A common configuration is the modulated photothermal deflection experiment [83, 10], in which a “pump” laser beam, chopped into a square wave, strikes a sample at normal incidence,
GC: n CT: Sunlight consists of little particles of solar energy called photons. As a PV cell is exposed to this sunlight, many of the photons are reflected, pass right through, or absorbed by the solar cell. When enough photons are absorbed by the negative layer of the photovoltaic cell,
GC: n CT: A newly discovered path for the conversion of sunlight to electricity could brighten the future for photovoltaic technology. Researchers with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have found a new mechanism by which the photovoltaic effect can take place in semiconductor thin-films. This new route to energy
GC: n CT: Photovoltaic cells are connected electrically in series and/or parallel circuits to produce higher voltages, currents and power levels. Photovoltaic modules consist of PV cell circuits sealed in an environmentally protective laminate, and are the fundamental building blocks of PV systems. Photovoltaic panels include one or more PV
GC: n CT: The purpose of this article is to understand the state of art of photovoltaic solar energy through a systematic literature research, in which the following themes are approached: ways of obtaining the energy, its advantages and disadvantages, applications, current market, costs and technologies according to what has
GC: n CT: Pig iron is the product of smelting iron ore (also ilmenite) with a high-carbon fuel and reductant such as coke, usually with limestone as a flux. Charcoal and anthracite are also used as fuel and reductant. Pig iron is produced by smelting or iron ore in blast
GC: n CT: Does planned obsolescence really exist? How is the environment affected by the unrestrained consumption of electronic gadgets? According to the UN, we generate around 50 million tonnes of this waste each year from which a high percentage ends up in waste dumps in developing countries. Agbogbloshie is
GC: n CT: Pollution, we hear it every other day at school, college and read about it in newspapers. So what is it? Pollution occurs when pollutants contaminate the natural surroundings; which brings about changes that affect our normal lifestyles adversely. Pollutants are the key elements or components of pollution
GC: n CT: Polonium is an extremely unstable radioactive chemical element which forms as part of the decay process of radium, another radioactive element. Because polonium is a stage in radium’s decay process, it is sometimes called radium F. This element appears in trace amounts in nature, typically in uranium
GC: n CT: Polycrystalline silicon is manufactured by first reacting metallurgical silicon with hydrogen and silicon tetrachloride to produce trichlorosilane. This is then reacted with hydrogen in a reactor so that the polycrystalline silicon is deposited in the form of rods. S: http://www.osaka-ti.co.jp/e/e_product/silicon/ (last access: 29 December 2014) N: 1.
GC: n CT: Potential energy is energy which results from position or configuration. An object may have the capacity for doing work as a result of its position in a gravitational field (gravitational potential energy), an electric field (electric potential energy), or a magnetic field (magnetic potential energy). It may