CG: n CT: Chat refers to the process of communicating, interacting and/or exchanging messages over the Internet. It involves two or more individuals that communicate through a chat-enabled service or software. Chat is also known as chatting, online chat or Internet chat. S: Techopedia – https://www.techopedia.com/definition/387/chat (last access: 23 October
GC: n CT: The check valve was designed with a drive shaft that connects the internal valve disk to an external pneumatic cylinder. The valve failed when a dowel pin designed to fasten the drive shaft to the disk sheared and a key designed to transfer torque from the drive
GC: n CT: Many energy sources commonly used by humans are forms of chemical energy. They are usually labeled “fuels.” The way to use the chemical energy in most fuels is by burning them, as we do with wood, natural gas, gasoline, coal, and others. When these fuels burn, they
GC: n CT: Nobel Prize-winning chemist F. Sherwood Rowland probably never intended to be an environmental whistle-blower. But in the 1970s, when he and his postdoctoral associate Mario Molina at the University of California-Irvine studied a set of compounds called chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, they realized that they had uncovered a
GC: n CT: The circuit breaker is an absolutely essential device in the modern world and one of the most important safety mechanisms in your home. Whenever electrical wiring in a building has too much current flowing through it, these simple machines cut the power until somebody can fix the
GC: n CT: A circular economy is an alternative to a traditional linear economy (make, use, dispose) in which we keep resources in use for as long as possible, extract the maximum value from them whilst in use, then recover and regenerate products and materials at the end of each
GC: n CT: Nearly every aspect of our daily lives – heating, lighting, cooking, communications, transportation, commerce – depends on electricity. Unfortunately, generating that electricity through the use of traditional fossil fuels can be economically and environmentally costly and a danger to public health. Electricity generated with fossil fuels, such
GC: n CT: Clearcutting means the felling and removal of all trees from a given tract of forest. One forestry expert refers to the practice as “an ecological trauma that has no precedent in nature except for a major volcanic eruption.” Clearcutting can destroy an area’s ecological integrity in a
GC: n CT: The Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) provides a clear and up-to-date view of the current state of scientific knowledge relevant to climate change. It consists of three Working Group (WG) Reports and a Synthesis Report (SYR) which integrates and synthesizes material in the WG reports for policymakers. The
GC: n CT: Cloud computing, often referred to as simply “the cloud,” is the delivery of on-demand computing resources—everything from applications to data centers—over the Internet on a pay-for-use basis. S: http://www.ibm.com/cloud-computing/us/en/what-is-cloud-computing.html (last access: 22 December 2014) N: 1. cloud (n): Old English clud “mass of rock, hill,” related to
GC: n CT: Adding to its comprehensive and flexible cloud portfolio, Oracle today announced Oracle Infrastructure as a Service (Oracle IaaS) with Capacity on Demand. Oracle IaaS enables organizations to deploy fully integrated Engineered Systems, including Oracle Exadata Database Machine, Oracle Exalogic Elastic Cloud, Oracle SPARC SuperCluster, Oracle Exalytics In-Memory
GC: n CT: Biomass is relatively cleaner than coal and is the only renewable carbon resource that can be directly converted into fuel. Biomass can significantly contribute to the world’s energy needs if harnessed sustainably. However, there are also problems associated with the thermal conversion of biomass. This paper investigates
GC: n CT: The vast majority of CO2 allowances issued by each RGGI state are distributed through quarterly, regional CO2 allowance auctions. Proceeds from the auctions are returned to states and invested in consumer benefit programs: energy efficiency, renewable energy, direct energy bill assistance and other greenhouse gas reduction programs.
GC: npl CT: The increase in global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from fossil-fuel combustion and other smaller industrial sources – the main cause of human-induced global warming – slowed down in 2012, while the global average annual growth rate of 2.4 ppm in atmospheric CO2 concentrations in 2012 was
GC: n CT: The energy we get from coal today comes from the energy that plants absorbed from the sun millions of years ago. All living plants store solar energy through a process known as photosynthesis. When plants die, this energy is usually released as the plants decay. Under conditions
GC: n CT: A cofferdam is a temporary structure designed to keep water and/or soil out of the excavation in which a bridge pier or other structure is built. When construction must take place below the water level, a cofferdam is built to give workers a dry work environment. Sheet
GC: n CT: Combined heat and power (CHP), also known as cogeneration, is the simultaneous production of electricity and heat from a single fuel source, such as: natural gas, biomass, biogas, coal, waste heat, or oil. CHP is not a single technology, but an integrated energy system that can be
GC: n CT: The most exciting hypothesis in cognitive science right now is the theory that cognition is embodied. Like all good ideas in cognitive science, however, embodiment immediately came to mean six different things. The most common definitions involve the straight-forward claim that “states of the body modify states
GC: n CT: Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence, embracing philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. Its intellectual origins are in the mid-1950s when researchers in several fields began to develop theories of mind based on complex representations and computational procedures. Its organizational origins
GC: n CT: The increasing demand of fossil fuels and decreasing light oil proven reserves lead to a future scenario of abundant coke production from the refinement of non-conventional fossil hydrocarbons. This paper highlights the possibility of using coke as an agrichar for preparing fertile soils resembling Amazonian terra preta.