GC: n CT: Combined heat and power (CHP), also known as cogeneration, is the simultaneous production of electricity and heat from a single fuel source, such as: natural gas, biomass, biogas, coal, waste heat, or oil. CHP is not a single technology, but an integrated energy system that can be

GC: n CT: The most exciting hypothesis in cognitive science right now is the theory that cognition is embodied. Like all good ideas in cognitive science, however, embodiment immediately came to mean six different things. The most common definitions involve the straight-forward claim that “states of the body modify states

GC: n CT: Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence, embracing philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. Its intellectual origins are in the mid-1950s when researchers in several fields began to develop theories of mind based on complex representations and computational procedures. Its organizational origins

GC: n CT: The increasing demand of fossil fuels and decreasing light oil proven reserves lead to a future scenario of abundant coke production from the refinement of non-conventional fossil hydrocarbons. This paper highlights the possibility of using coke as an agrichar for preparing fertile soils resembling Amazonian terra preta.

CG: n CT: Because today coal-getting is concentrated at a few working places where output is greatest, ‘natural’ homogenization of raw coal in the course of mining has become limited. More coal homogenization depots or bunkers must therefore be provided in conjunction with mixed end product depots, which, apart from leading

GC: n CT: Cold shuts occur when two relatively cold streams of molten metal from different gates meet and do not fuse together properly during the casting process. This problem is visible to the naked eye – giving the appearance of a crack separating the two sections. Cold shuts can

GC: n CT: There has been tremendous progress in vehicle safety in the past few decades. Improvements in seat belts, air bags, visibility and lighting have dramatically reduced road deaths in the USA. The fatality rate per 100 million vehicles miles travelled fell from 5.5 to 1.8 from the mid

See wind energy

GC: n CT: Combined Cycles in Stationary Gas Turbine for Power Production. The turbine entry temperature in a gas turbine (Brayton) cycle is considerably higher than the peak steam temperature. Depending on the compression ratio of the gas turbine, the turbine exhaust temperature may be high enough to permit efficient

GC: n CT: Since biomass is the only carbon-based renewable fuel, its application becomes more and more important for climate protection. Among the thermochemical conversion technologies (i.e., combustion, gasification, and pyrolysis), combustion is the only proven technology for heat and power production. Biomass combustion systems are available in the size

GC: n CT: Many of the concepts used within the complexity sciences derive originally from work done in the mid 20th Century on Cybernetics (Wiener), based on the earlier work on Information Theory (Shannon), and General Systems Theory (von Bertalanffy). These ideas were all attempts to quantify in a rigorous

GC: n CT: Recycling green waste as compost could match the environmental benefits of converting it into renewable energy, in terms of CO2 savings, according to new German research. It suggests that the two forms of waste management should be seen as complementary and both should receive subsidies. Green waste

GC: n CT: Composting means the autothermic (self heating) and thermophilic biological decomposition and stabilisation of biodegradable waste under controlled conditions that result in a stable sanitised material that can be applied to land for the benefit of agriculture, horticulture or ecological improvement. Composting can range from simple outdoor windrows

CG: n CT: Computational intelligence is the study of the design of intelligent agents. An agent is something that acts in an environment—it does something. Agents include worms, dogs, thermostats, airplanes, humans, organizations, and society. An intelligent agent is a system that acts intelligently: What it does is appropriate for its

GC: n CT: Computational Science is a rapidly growing multi- and interdisciplinary field that uses advanced computing and data analysis to understand and solve complex problems. It has reached a level of predictive capability that now firmly complements the traditional pillars of experimentation and theory. The recent advances in experimental

GC: n CT: Computer engineering is a dynamic and broadly interdisciplinary field that continues to experience rapid professional growth that impacts every area of human endeavor. Computer engineers apply their knowledge to the design of digital circuits and software in various areas, including cell phones, computers, computer networks, computer vision,

GC: n CT: A computer network is a group of computer systems and other computing hardware devices that are linked together through communication channels to facilitate communication and resource-sharing among a wide range of users. Networks are commonly categorized based on their characteristics. One of the earliest examples of a

GC: n CT: Computer science is a discipline that spans theory and practice. It requires thinking both in abstract terms and in concrete terms. The practical side of computing can be seen everywhere. Nowadays, practically everyone is a computer user, and many people are even computer programmers. Getting computers to

GC: n CT: A computer virus, much like a flu virus, is designed to spread from host to host and has the ability to replicate itself. Similarly, in the same way that viruses cannot reproduce without a host cell, computer viruses cannot reproduce and spread without programming such as a

GC: n CT: A computer worm is a self-replicating computer program that penetrates an operating system with the intent of spreading malicious code. Worms utilize networks to send copies of the original code to other computers, causing harm by consuming bandwidth or possibly deleting files or sending documents via email.

GC: n CT: At this stage it is important to make a distinction between two terms that are closely related and that tend to confuse non-specialists: machine translation (MT) and computer-assisted translation (CAT). These two technologies are the consequence of different approaches. They do not produce the same results, and

GC: n CT: In any data warehouse implementation there are many different considerations which should in place before the final physical setting up. This is to avoid in problems related to quality of data and consistencies in data processes. A conceptual schema is an abstract definition of the whole project.

GC: n CT: condensation, in physics, change of a substance from the gaseous (vapor) to the liquid state (see states of matter). Condensation is the reverse of vaporization, or change from liquid to gas. It can be brought about by cooling, as in distillation, or by an increase in pressure

GC: n CT: Condensing boilers use heat from exhaust gases that would normally be released into the atmosphere through the flue. To use this latent heat, the water vapour from the exhaust gas is turned into liquid condensate. S: WORCESTER – http://www.worcester-bosch.co.uk/homeowner/boilers/what-is-a-condensing-boiler (last access: 16 December 2014) N: 1. condensing