CG: n CT: The drilling equipment is normally installed on a truck and needs therefore a minimum free space for installation. These tasks and the entire installation work will be clarified and done by the drilling company. After drilling the vertical collector has to be filled with water before the
GC: n CT: The recent progress in Machine Learning that have made possible the rise of Virtual Personal Assistant, come from a specific approach to Machine Learning: Neural Networks and more specifically Deep Learning Neural Networks. Indeed, these new approach benefit the many different tasks which are at the core
GC: n CT: The definition of virtual reality comes, naturally, from the definitions for both ‘virtual’ and ‘reality’. The definition of ‘virtual’ is near and reality is what we experience as human beings. So the term ‘virtual reality’ basically means ‘near-reality’. This could, of course, mean anything but it usually
GC: n CT: Geothermal has an even longer history in Iceland, where legend has it that people first used geothermal heat 1,000 years ago to warm their homes and bathed in the hot water. But it wasn’t until the first oil-price shock of the 1970s that Iceland used geothermal heat
GC: n CT: Individuals have been electrocuted by appliances using ordinary house currents of 110 volts and by electrical apparatus in industry using as little as 42 volts direct current. The real measure of a shock’s intensity lies in the amount of current (amperes) forced though the body and not
GC: n CT: Voltage is electric potential energy per unit charge, measured in joules per coulomb ( = volts). It is often referred to as “electric potential”, which then must be distinguished from electric potential energy by noting that the “potential” is a “per-unit-charge” quantity. Like mechanical potential energy, the
GC: n CT: WEATHER systems, as the world has recently been reminded, have awesome power. The energy released by a large hurricane can exceed the energy consumption of the human race for a whole year, and even an average tornado has a power similar to that of a large power
GC: n CT: In Europe, we currently use 16 tonnes of material per person per year, of which 6 tonnes become waste. Although the management of that waste continues to improve in the EU, the European economy currently still loses a significant amount of potential ‘secondary raw materials’ such as
GC: n CT: Every year, billions of dollars of energy are thrown away as waste heat. Heat is the natural by-product of energy conversion processes; both conversion of primary fuels to work or energy, and conversion of energy to work. Of the 100 quadrillion BTU’s of energy the US consumes
GC: n CT: Waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) such as computers, TV-sets, fridges and cell phones is one the fastest growing waste streams in the EU, with some 9 million tonnes generated in 2005, and expected to grow to more than 12 million tonnes by 2020. WEEE is
GC: n CT: We consider wastewater treatment as a water use because it is so interconnected with the other uses of water. Much of the water used by homes, industries, and businesses must be treated before it is released back to the environment. If the term “wastewater treatment” is confusing
GC: n CT: A tool that has been developed for the calculation of water needs for consumer products is the concept of the water footprint (WF). This tool has been introduced by Hoekstra and Hung (2002) and has been developed further by Hoekstra and Chapagain (2007, 2008). Those authors define
GC: n CT: Water hammer is a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid (usually a liquid but sometimes also a gas) in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly (momentum change). As soon as steam leaves the boiler, it starts losing heat. As a result, steam
GC: n CT: A watershed is the area of land where all of the water that is under it or drains off of it goes into the same place. John Wesley Powell, scientist geographer, put it best when he said that a watershed is: “that area of land, a bounded
GC: n CT: Photovoltaic solar panels produce power through generation of watts of energy. Panels come in different “strengths” or wattage levels. Solar panel sizes vary from very low wattage levels up to 280 watts worth of power. Solar systems are sold as complete installs by watt. This includes the
GC: n CT: A wave power generator that can harvest energy no matter which way the sea is running has won the UK round of James Dyson’s engineering award. The Renewable Wave Power generator seeks to overcome the limitations of some current wave power technologies. These work best when struck
GC: n CT: As the climate change conference continues in The Hague, it is perhaps fitting that the world’s first commercial wave power station is going into action in Scotland. The power station, on the island of Islay, is the product of years of research into how to effectively harvest
GC: n CT: S: (last access: 14 April 2016) N: 1. – wave (n): “moving billow of water,” 1520s, alteration (by influence of wave (v.)) of Middle English waw, which is from Old English wagian “to move to and fro” (cognates: Old Saxon, Old High German wag, Old Frisian weg,
GC: n CT: A web browser, or simply “browser,” is an application used to access and view websites. Common web browsers include Microsoft Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, and Apple Safari. The primary function of a web browser is to render HTML, the code used to design or “mark
GC: n CT: The units for magnetic flux Φ, which is the integral of magnetic field over an area, are the weber (Wb) in the SI and the maxwell (Mx) in the cgs system. The conversion factor is 108, since flux is the integral of field over an area, area