GC: n CT: A conversational agent is a software program which interprets and responds to statements made by users in ordinary natural language. It integrates computational linguistics techniques with communication over the internet. S: https://www.chatbots.org/conversational_agent/ (last access: 30 December 2014) N: 1. conversational (adj): 1779, from conversation (mid-14c., “living together,

See United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

See Humanterm: https://humantermuem.es/cracker

GC: n CT: Fuels made from oil mixtures containing large hydrocarbon molecules are not efficient. They do not flow easily and are difficult to ignite. Crude oil often contains too many large hydrocarbon molecules and not enough small hydrocarbon molecules to meet demand – this is where cracking comes in.

GC: n CT: Cryogenics is the branch of physics that deals with the production and effects of very low temperatures. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the largest cryogenic system in the world and one of the coldest places on Earth. All of the magnets on the LHC are electromagnets

GC: n CT: Cryopreservation is based on the ability of certain small molecules to enter cells and prevent dehydration and formation of intracellular ice crystals, which can cause cell death and destruction of cell organelles during the freezing process. Two common cryoprotective agents are dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol. Glycerol

GC: n CT: Crystallization is based on the principles of solubility: compounds (solutes) tend to be more soluble in hot liquids (solvents) than they are in cold liquids. If a saturated hot solution is allowed to cool, the solute is no longer soluble in the solvent and forms crystals of

GC: n CT: Every wind turbine design has a cut-in wind speed, a rated wind speed, and a cut-out wind speed. At the cut-in wind speed, the blades start to turn and a trickle of electricity starts to be produced. Around cut-in, the generator may be used as a motor

GC: n CT: The foundation preparation for the spillway structure consisted of stripping the overburden and exposing the bedrock. For the embankment sections, the soft, loose overburden was stripped to expose competent sands or gravels and a cutoff trench was excavated down to the rock surface. The cutoff trench is

GC: n CT: Cybercrime is defined as a crime in which a computer is the object of the crime (hacking, phishing, spamming) or is used as a tool to commit an offense (child pornography, hate crimes). Cybercriminals may use computer technology to access personal information, business trade secrets or use

GC: n CT: Traditionally, the quality of universities and their research are compared using measures such as numbers of published papers, especially those in peer-reviewed journals with high impact factors, and numbers of times that those papers are cited. But such measures do not give the whole picture. In the

GC: n CT: Cybernetics was christened publically with the publication of Cybernetics, by Norbert Wiener (1948). Two short extracts follow, both written by Professor F.H. George. The first is a summary (circa 1980) defining Cybernetics, the second (1965) outlines the major classes of Cybernetic problems. Cybernetics could be thought of

GC: n CT: S: N: 1. From cyber (as an element in word formation, ultimately from cybernetics (q.v.); it enjoyed explosive use with the rise of the Internet early 1990s) and security (mid-15c., “condition of being secure,” from Latin securitas, from securus “free from care”; replacing sikerte (early 15c.), from

GC: n CT: In the popular culture of the 1990s, cyberspace as a term was taken to describe the “location” in which people interacted with each other while using the Internet. This is the place in which online games occur, the land of chat rooms, and the home of instant-messaging

GC: n CT: New biomedical technologies make it possible to replace parts of the human body or to substitute its functions. Examples include artificial joints, eye lenses and arterial stents. Newer technologies use electronics and software, for example in brain-computer interfaces such as retinal implants and the exoskeleton MindWalker. Gradually

GC: n CT: There is potential energy stored in a water reservoir behind a dam. It is converted to kinetic energy when the water starts flowing down the penstock, from the dam. This kinetic energy is used to turn a turbine. S: BC Hydro – https://www.bchydro.com/energy-in-bc/our_system/generation/electric_generation.html (last access: 22 July

GC: n CT: Data Mining: What is Data Mining? Overview Generally, data mining (sometimes called data or knowledge discovery) is the process of analyzing data from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information – information that can be used to increase revenue, cuts costs, or both. Data mining software

CG: n CT: A data packet comprises parameter fields for identifying the data packet, the rule base comprises a plurality of rules, each rule comprises one or more parameter fields, and the matching rule is a rule, whose parameter field values correspond to the parameter field values of said data packet.

GC: n CT: Deep learning allows computational models that are composed of multiple processing layers to learn representations of data with multiple levels of abstraction. These methods have dramatically improved the state-of-the-art in speech recognition, visual object recognition, object detection and many other domains such as drug discovery and genomics.

GC: n CT: Deforestation is clearing Earth’s forests on a massive scale, often resulting in damage to the quality of the land. Forests still cover about 30 percent of the world’s land area, but swathes the size of Panama are lost each and every year. S: http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/deforestation-overview/ (last access: 26

GC: n CT: “The present project is aimed to the development of a multi-step process for the production of second-generation biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass in a cost-efficient way through the use of tailored nanostructured catalysts. The proposed process is based on the cascade combination of three catalytic transformations: catalytic pyrolysis,

CG: n CT: In some countries used fuel is reprocessed to recover its uranium and plutonium, and to reduce the final volume of high-level wastes. The plutonium is normally recycled promptly into mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel, by mixing it with depleted uranium. Where uranium recovered from reprocessing used nuclear fuel (RepU)

GC: n CT: Extraction of algae pigments from a depurated effluent. A minireview of the researchs in algal biomass from wastewater depuration ponds is presented. It’s shown algal pigments cultured, although some other characteristics are commented: factors determining algal populations, biotreatment of agroindustrial effluents with microalgae and potencial applications of

GC: n CT: Renewable Energy Desalination: An Emerging Solution to Close MENA’s Water Gap. Many countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are facing real water security challenges. In arid, coastal cities, water demand is often met through large-scale desalination systems powered by fossil fuels. While groundwater