GC: n CT: Isobutanol is a promising candidate as second-generation biofuel and has several advantages compared to bioethanol. Another benefit of isobutanol is that it is already formed as a by-product in fermentations with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, although only in very small amounts. Isobutanol formation results from valine degradation
GC: n CT: Joule, unit of work or energy in the International System of Units (SI); it is equal to the work done by a force of one newton acting through one metre. Named in honour of the English physicist James Prescott Joule, it equals 107 ergs, or approximately 0.7377
GC: n CT: Joule effect and Joule’s law are any of several different physical effects discovered or characterized by English physicist James Prescott Joule. These physical effects are not the same, but all are frequently or occasionally referred to in literature as the “Joule effect” or “Joule law” These physical
GC: n CT: A Kaplan turbine is basically a propeller with adjustable blades inside a tube. It is an axial-flow turbine, which means that the flow direction does not change as it crosses the rotor. Figure 1 shows a simplified Kaplan turbine. The inlet guide-vanes can be opened and closed
GC: n CT: The name Triassic derives from the division of the sediments into three typical stages: Bunter, Muschelkalk and Keuper. The basin containing these sediments, reaching from the North Sea area in the north to the Iberian Penninsula in the south and from the Paris Basin in the west
GC: n CT: Electricity used at any moment is measured in watts. It only makes sense that a 100-watt bulb uses 100 watts of electricity. A desktop computer uses about 65 watts and a central air conditioner uses about 3,500 watts. Since all of the watts add up quickly, the
GC: n CT: Electricity used at any moment is measured in watts. It only makes sense that a 100-watt bulb uses 100 watts of electricity. A desktop computer uses about 65 watts and a central air conditioner uses about 3,500 watts. Since all of the watts add up quickly, the
GC: n CT: Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. An object that has motion – whether it is vertical or horizontal motion – has kinetic energy. There are many forms of kinetic energy – vibrational (the energy due to vibrational motion), rotational (the energy due to rotational motion), and
GC: n CT: Marine current turbines: Pioneering the development of marine kinetic energy converters. This paper gives the rationale and background to an already advanced research and development (R&D) programme aimed at developing technology for the commercial exploitation of kinetic energy from marine currents. This is followed by a brief
GC: n CT: Knowledge engineering is a field within artificial intelligence that develops knowledge-based systems. Such systems are computer programs that contain large amounts of knowledge, rules and reasoning mechanisms to provide solutions to real-world problems. A major form of knowledge-based system is an expert system, one designed to emulate
GC: n CT: ESPRE is a knowledge-based system which aids in the review of requests for platelet transfusions in the hospital blood bank. It is a microcomputer-based decision support system written in LISP and utilizes a hybrid frame and rule architecture. By automatically obtaining most of the required patient data
GC: n CT: After two and a half years of intensive negotiations, a substantial extension to the Convention was adopted in Kyoto, Japan in December 1997. This Kyoto Protocol established legally binding emissions targets for industrialized countries, and created innovative mechanisms to assist these countries in meeting these targets. The
GC: n CT: Though the extreme rates of land clearing that placed Australia in the top 10 land clearing nations in the world have reduced over the past 5 years, we are still clearing much more native vegetation than is being replanted or that is regenerating naturally. This ongoing net
GC: n CT: A standard procedure for the acceptance of waste in a landfill is laid down so as to avoid any risks, including: waste must be treated before being landfilled; hazardous waste within the meaning of the Directive must be assigned to a hazardous waste landfill; landfills for non-hazardous
GC: n CT: A landslide is the movement of rock, debris or earth down a slope. They result from the failure of the materials which make up the hill slope and are driven by the force of gravity. Landslides are known also as landslips, slumps or slope failure. Some of
GC: n CT: Language technology will help in designing and implementing the systems needed to effectively deal with information and knowledge in a number of ways. Speech recognition will help in interacting with a number of devices in our own native language. Also, information could be presented by generating speech.
GC: n CT: Rich gas and lean gas are the two types of natural gas that are distributed in Belgium via different networks. The difference between them is their calorific value, i.e. a different quantity of energy. In other words, 1 m³ of lean gas provides less energy than 1
GC: n CT: Rather than using a stemmer, you can use a lemmatizer, a tool from Natural Language Processing which does full morphological analysis to accurately identify the lemma for each word. Doing full morphological analysis produces at most very modest benefits for retrieval. It is hard to say more,
CG: n CT: In lentic systems that lose all surface waters at least every few years and lack a surface water connection to a stream or another lake, “relatively permanent” wetland communities develop. These can contain abundant and diverse populations of aquatic invertebrates, but they usually lack fish (exceptions occur when
GC: n CT: We present a feasibility study of top-quark mass measurement using the energy distribution of a lepton from a W boson in a top quark decay in pp collisions at the LHC. The proposed method requires only the lepton energy distribution at the parton level. The analysis is
GC: n CT: The lidar (LIght Detection And Ranging) is a remote sensing instrument similar in principle to the radar but operating in the optical range. Depending on the desired measurement, lidar systems use various light-matter interactions such as Rayleigh, Mie and Raman scattering or fluorescence. Measurements of atmospheric ozone,