GC: n CT: Pollution, we hear it every other day at school, college and read about it in newspapers. So what is it? Pollution occurs when pollutants contaminate the natural surroundings; which brings about changes that affect our normal lifestyles adversely. Pollutants are the key elements or components of pollution

GC: n CT: Polonium is an extremely unstable radioactive chemical element which forms as part of the decay process of radium, another radioactive element. Because polonium is a stage in radium’s decay process, it is sometimes called radium F. This element appears in trace amounts in nature, typically in uranium

GC: n CT: Polycrystalline silicon is manufactured by first reacting metallurgical silicon with hydrogen and silicon tetrachloride to produce trichlorosilane. This is then reacted with hydrogen in a reactor so that the polycrystalline silicon is deposited in the form of rods. S: Osaka-ti – http://www.osaka-ti.co.jp/e/e_product/silicon/ (last access: 29 December 2014)

CG: n CT: Post-editing was never meant to be the future of machine translation (MT). For researchers seeking fully automatic translation, post-editing is considered more of a failure mode. For human translators, it often forces the user to correct erroneous output. But translation memory (TM), which is essentially a deterministic

GC: n CT: Potential energy is energy which results from position or configuration. An object may have the capacity for doing work as a result of its position in a gravitational field (gravitational potential energy), an electric field (electric potential energy), or a magnetic field (magnetic potential energy). It may

See Humanterm: https://humantermuem.es/poverty

GC: n CT: The amount of electricity a hydropower plant produces depends on two factors: How Far the Water Falls. The farther the water falls, the more power it has. Generally, the distance that the water falls depends on the size of the dam. The higher the dam, the farther

GC: n CT: The power grid is vulnerable to attack — there’s no question about that. In my own work, testing the security readiness of US and global energy companies and utilities, I regularly find serious vulnerabilities on these networks and I am often called in to deal with compromises

GC: n CT: Power in the wind. A wind turbine is the modern advancement of the windmill. Instead of using the wind to lift water or move heavy rocks to grind seeds wind is used to turn an electrical generator to make electricity. Sometimes, students mistake our model wind turbines

GC: n CT: Power transformers are used in transmission networks of higher voltages for step-up and step down applications (400 kV, 200 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 33kV) and are generally rated above 200MVA. Distribution transformers are used for lower voltage distribution networks as a means to end user connectivity.

CG: n CT: Prairies are enormous stretches of flat grassland with moderate temperatures, moderate rainfall, and few trees. When people talk about the prairie, they are usually referring to the golden, wheat-covered land in the middle of North America. The Great Plains, in the United States and Canada, has some

GC: n CT: Preservation of Biodiversity. Biodiversity is defined as “the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic systems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.” Biodiversity is considered

GC: n CT: Combustion Air is the air drawn through the firebox by the draughting system which allows combustion to take place. Only the oxygen content of the air (approx 18%) is used in the combustion process, the remainder (mostly nitrogen) being inert and serving no function other than wasting

GC: n CT: Primary energy is the energy embodied in natural resources prior to undergoing any human-made conversions or transformations. Examples of primary energy resources include coal, crude oil, sunlight, wind, running rivers, vegetation, and uranium. When primary energy is converted to a different form like the conversion of moving

GC: n CT: Primary energy consumption is the amount of fossil and renewable fuels directly consumed by either one of the four major end-use sectors or by the electric power sector. The total primary energy across these five sectors is consistent with total energy use in the economy as shown

GC: n CT: In the Energy Doubler/Saver, protons comprising an energy of 1,000 giga-electron volts would be sent into a block of uranium. Each proton would generate 60,000 neutrons, which would be absorbed by the uranium nuclei to produce plutonium. When burned in a nuclear reactor, plutonium produces 0.2 GeV

GC: n CT: Contemporary technologies of fruit and vine production imply conducting intensive plantation pruning, and so significant amount of biomass appear with ecological and energetic importance. Thermal energy use of biomass residues as pruning is important from the point of view of environmental protection, the closed cycle of production

See pumped-storage plant

CG: n CT: The production and consumption of electricity do not always run together concurrently. Both in industrial nations as well as in developing countries with a rising need for energy, there are daily fluctuations in the electricity grid. Pumped storage power plants are ideally suited worldwide in helping to

GC: n CT: There’s another type of hydropower plant, called the pumped-storage plant. In a conventional hydropower plant, the water from the reservoir flows through the plant, exits and is carried down stream. A pumped-storage plant has two reservoirs: Upper reservoir – Like a conventional hydropower plant, a dam creates

GC: n CT: A pyranometer is used to measure the total energy from the sun. When leveled in the horizontal plane, this is called the Global Shortwave Irradiance (GLOBAL) and when positioned in a plane of a PV Array, it is called the Total Irradiance in the plane of array

GC: n CT: Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of biomass occurring in the absence of oxygen. It is the fundamental chemical reaction that is the precursor of both the combustion and gasification processes and occurs naturally in the first two seconds. The products of biomass pyrolysis include biochar, bio-oil and

CG: n CT: Quantum bits, or qubits, can hold quantum information much longer now thanks to efforts by an international research team. The researchers have increased the retention time, or coherence time, to 10 milliseconds—10,000 times longer than the previous record—by combining the orbital motion and spinning inside an atom. Such

GC: n CT: The massive amount of processing power generated by computer manufacturers has not yet been able to quench our thirst for speed and computing capacity. In 1947, American computer engineer Howard Aiken said that just six electronic digital computers would satisfy the computing needs of the United States.